 1274 - 1329 (54 years)
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| Name |
Robert I "The Bruce" Of Scotland |
| Prefix |
King |
| Nickname |
The Bruce |
| Birth |
11 Jul 1274 |
Turnberry Castle, Ayrshire, Scotland  [4] |
| Gender |
Male |
| Death |
7 Jun 1329 |
Cardross, Dunbartonshire, Scotland [4] |
| Person ID |
I69938 |
Cecilie Family |
| Last Modified |
2 Mar 2009 |
| Father |
Baron Robert De Brus, b. Jul 1243, Annandale, Dumfrieshire, Scotland d. Mar 1304, Palestine (Age 60 years) |
| Mother |
Countess Margaret (Marjory) Of Carrick, b. Abt 1252, Carrick, Argyllshire, Scotland d. Bef 27 Oct 1292 (Age 40 years) |
| Marriage |
1271 |
Turnberry Castle, Ayrshire, Scotland [5] |
| Family ID |
F30362 |
Group Sheet | Family Chart |
| Family 2 |
Isabel (Matilda) De Mar, b. Abt 1278, Kildrummy Castle, Aberdeenshire, Scotland d. Bef 1302 (Age 24 years) |
| Marriage |
Abt 1295 |
1st Wife [4] |
| Children |
| | 1. Princess Marjorie Bruce, b. Bef 1297, Dundonald Castle, Irvine, Ayrshire, Scotland d. 2 Mar 1316, Paisley Abbey, Renfrewshire, Scotland (Age 19 years) |
|
| Family ID |
F30361 |
Group Sheet | Family Chart |
| Last Modified |
2 Mar 2009 |
| Family 3 |
Elizabeth De Burgh, b. Abt 1284, Ulster, Ireland d. 26 Oct 1327, Cullen, Banffshire, Scotland (Age 43 years) |
| Marriage |
Bef 1302 |
Writtle Near Chelsford, Essex, England [6] |
| Children |
|
| Family ID |
F30375 |
Group Sheet | Family Chart |
| Last Modified |
2 Mar 2009 |
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| Notes |
- Robert de Bruce I, Earl of Carrick, b. Turnbury, Essex, 11 July 1274, d. Cardross, Scotland 7 June 1329, King of Scots 27 Mar 1306-1329; a national hero of Scotland; m. (1) c 1295 Isabel, d. before 1302, daughter of Donald, Earl of Mar, by his 1st wife Helen, daughter of Llewellyn ap Iorwerth, Prince of Wales; m. (2) Elizabeth de Burgh, d. 26 Oct 1327, daughter of Richard de Burgh, Earl of Ulster, son of Walter de Burgh and Avalina Fitz John, and his wife Margaret, d. 1304. [Magna Charta Sureties, Lines 41-5 & 42-5]
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Robert Bruce, eldest son and heir, Earl of Carrick; b. probably at Turnberry Castle, 11 July 1274; succeeded as Earl of Carrick 9 Nov 1292; crowned King of Scots (as Robert I) at Scone 25 Mar 1306, d. at Cardross, near Dumbarton 7 June 1329; m. c 1295 (1) Isabel (also called Matilda), d. before 1302, daughter of Donald, 6th Earl of Mar; m. (2) 1302 Elizabeth, d. 26 Oct 1327, daughter of Richard de Burgh, Earl of Ulster. (Donald, 6th Earl of Mar, was son of William, Earl of Mar, d. c 1281, by his 1st wife Elizabeth, d. 1267, daughter of William Comyn, Earl of Buchan, in right of his 2nd wife, Countess of Buchan). Donald, Earl of Mar, was knighted 1270, living 25 July 1297, d. shortly thereafter. His wife, and mother of Isabel, was Helen, widow of Malcolm, 7th Earl of Fife, d. 1266, and daughter of Llewellyn, Prince of North Wales. Helen's first husband must have been an old man when she married him, for he succeeded his uncle in 1228. When he died, his son and heir was Colban, the 8th Earl, then under age, who had been knighted in his teens in 1264. Colban was married in his nonage, for when he died in 1270, when he could not have been more than 24, his heir was his son Duncan, aged 8. (Mr. Balfour Paul believes Colban's wife Alice was one of three daughters and co-heirs of Sir Alan Durward. If so, his issue shared with the Soulis family the descent from Alexander II of Scotland. However, since the line of his heir Duncan has died out, remaining descendants of this line would stem from younger children of Colban and Alice, if there were any.) The Helen, daughter of Llewellyn, who was successively the wife of Malcolm and of Donald, and mother of the children of both, appears clearly the daughter of Llewellyn ap Iorwerth but must not be confused with his daughter Helen, successively the wife of John le Scot, Earl of Chester, and of Robert de Quincy, whose mother was Princess Joan. [Ancestral Roots, Line 252-30]
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Notes from Sally Walmsley [Geniedash@bigpond.com]:
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Much of what has been written about Bruce is misleading. In addition to his being Earl of Carrick, Lord of Annandale and Keeper of the Royal Forests of Scotland, Bruce was Lord of the Manor of Huntingdon, owned a town house in London and a suburban manor in Tottenham. Two years before the rising, his brother Alexander took his MA. at Cambridge. Bruce was no wild Scottish chieftain, but an educated noble of Flemish extraction.
In 1306, the titular King of Scotland was John Baliol, a 'lamb among wolves' who had achieved the throne through the backing of Edward of England and John Comyn of Badenoch, head of the most powerful family in Scotland at that time. Baliol had fled to France with no intention of returning, leaving Scotland virtually kingless. Bruce had seemingly started planning his rising in 1304, but everything hinged upon the support of John Comyn, a difficult person: the Red comyn must either support Bruce or be dead. The climax came in 1306, when Bruce met the Comyn in Greyfriars church in Dumfries. As they stood before the alter and argued, knives were drawn, and John Comyn fell wounded. According to legend, Bruce ran out of the church crying 'I doubt I have slain the Red Comyn'. Kilpatrick answered his "Do you so doubt? Then I'll mak siccar', and rushed into the church followed by Sir Robert Boyd and finished the job. Legendary as this may be, the fact is that both John Comyn of Badenoch and Sir Robert Comyn were both killed. This was the signal for Bruce's uprising to start. Bruce first went to his castle at Lochmaben, and then to Glasgown to secure the Clyde for his supplies from Ireland. Sir Robert Boyd took Rothesay castle from the sea, and laid siege to Inverkip. Six weeks after the Comyn's death, Bruce was crowned King of Scotland at Scone.
Robert Bruce's reign was soon in trouble. Three months after he was crowned, he was defeated by the English at Methven, and again near Tyndrum, and had to go into hiding, his queen and daughter sent with the ladies of his supporters to Kildrummy castle in the charge of the earl of Athol, Alexander Lindsay and Sir Robert Boyd. The following year the king returned. Douglas and Sir Robert Boyd led the attack on Arran from Kintrye, but their attack on Turnberry castle, Bruce's own castle, failed. Bruce then raised his standard at Loch Trocl in Galloway, where he defeated an English force sent to capture him. He marched north to defeat the English at Loudoun Hill, defeated John Comyn, Earl of Buchan, at Barrs Hill, and subdued the Earl of Ross. In c1308, Parliament was called at St Andrews and re-affirmed Bruce as King. During the next few years, Bruce consolidated his position, capturing all the English-held castles except Stirling, and repulsing an expedition of Edward II of England in 1310. The climax came in 1314 at the Battle of Bannockburn, where Sir Robert Boyd was one of his principle commanders. 'Blind Harry' wrote of this battle:-
Ranged on the right the Southron legions stood,
And on this right the fiery Edward Bruce,
With him the experienced Boyd devides the sway,
Sent by the King to guide him through the day.
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| Sources |
- [S1484] Ashley, Mike, Ashley (1998), (New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers, 1998.), p. 548 (Reliability: 3).
- [S1676] Moody, T. W. and others, Moody (1984), (Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 1984.), p. 170 (Reliability: 3).
- [S1786] Glenn, Thomas Allen, Glenn (1912), (Philadelphia: The Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1912.).
- [S1630] Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis,, 41-5 (Reliability: 3).
- [S1630] Magna Charta Sureties 1215, Frederick Lewis Weis,, 41-4 (Reliability: 3).
- [S1631] Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists, 7th, 252-30 (Reliability: 3).
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